Turpentine vs. mineral spirits

When it comes to solvents, two names often rise to the top: Turpentine and Mineral Spirits. But what are they, and how do they differ? Here is how the two differ, how long they keep, and what each is good for.

• Turpentine: This aromatic solvent hails from the resin of pine trees. Through a process of distillation, you obtain a liquid rich in terpenes, especially alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. These give turpentine its signature piney scent.
• Mineral Spirits: On the other side, you have a clear liquid derived from petroleum. Comprising a mix of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons, mineral spirits are versatile and less pungent than their pine-derived counterpart.

Turpentine's history is rich and varied. Ancient civilizations like the Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans used it for medicinal purposes and as a solvent. Fast forward to today, and it's a favorite among artists, especially in oil painting. Mineral spirits, meanwhile, have become the go-to for many due to their milder odor and cost-effectiveness.

Imagine a world where traditional systems collapse. In such scenarios, both turpentine and mineral spirits shine:

1. Fire: Both will help start a fire outdoors. Neither belongs in a wick lamp or lantern. Their flash points are too low, so the flame can run away or the fuel tank can ignite. Lamps get kerosene or lamp oil only.
2. Maintenance: Clean tools, preserve materials, and waterproof essentials.
3. Trade: In a barter-centric world, these solvents could be as good as gold.
4. Medicinal Uses: Turpentine has a long folk-medicine history, but swallowing it is poisoning, not medicine. As little as 15 ml has killed a child. Store it as a solvent only.

Shelf Life

The shelf life of both turpentine and mineral spirits depends on storage conditions, but generally, they are quite stable and can be stored for extended periods if kept in proper conditions.

Turpentine:

• Shelf Life: Turpentine can last for several years if stored correctly. However, over time, especially if exposed to air, it can oxidize and lose its solvency power. This oxidation can also lead to a thicker consistency and a stronger, more acrid smell.
• Storage Tips: To maximize its shelf life, turpentine should be stored in a tightly sealed container to prevent evaporation and oxidation. It should also be kept away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and open flames, as it is flammable.

Mineral Spirits:

• Shelf Life: Mineral spirits are quite stable and, like turpentine, can last for several years when stored properly. They are less prone to oxidation than turpentine but can still evaporate if the container isn't sealed tightly.
• Storage Tips: Store mineral spirits in a well-sealed container, away from heat, direct sunlight, and open flames. As with turpentine, it's essential to keep the container tightly closed to prevent evaporation and contamination.

At their core, these solvents are chemically distinct:

• Turpentine: Dominated by terpenes, especially alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.
• Mineral Spirits: A cocktail of hydrocarbons, including octane, nonane, and decane. Further refining can lead to "low odor" versions, reducing aromatic content.

• Storage: Keep them in sealed containers, away from flames. Their fumes can be harmful.
• Usage: Always work in well-ventilated areas and minimize skin contact. Never swallow either solvent. If someone does, do not induce vomiting: call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 right away.

1. Origin:
   • Turpentine: Derived from the resin of pine trees through distillation.
   • Mineral Spirits: A petroleum-derived solvent.
2. Odor:
   • Turpentine: Has a strong, pungent, and characteristic piney odor.
   • Mineral Spirits: Has a milder odor, with "odorless" versions available that have almost no smell.
3. Evaporation Rate:
   • Turpentine: Tends to evaporate faster.
   • Mineral Spirits: Evaporates more slowly compared to turpentine.
4. Cost:
   • Turpentine: Generally more expensive.
   • Mineral Spirits: Typically less expensive.
5. Toxicity:
   • Turpentine: Can be more irritating to the skin and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure or ingestion can be harmful.
   • Mineral Spirits: While still toxic if ingested or inhaled in large amounts, they are generally considered less toxic than turpentine.
6. Use in Art:
   • Turpentine: Traditionally used in oil painting as a medium and solvent. Some artists believe it imparts a unique quality to paints.
   • Mineral Spirits: Used as a solvent in oil painting, especially by artists who prefer a milder odor or are in enclosed spaces.
7. Cleaning:
   • Turpentine: Effective in cleaning brushes and equipment used with oil-based paints.
   • Mineral Spirits: Also effective for cleaning, often preferred due to milder odor and lower cost.
8. Compatibility with Resins:
   • Turpentine: Compatible with natural resins, often used in the production of certain varnishes and mediums.
   • Mineral Spirits: Not typically used with natural resins in the same way turpentine is.
9. Environmental Impact:
   • Turpentine: Being a natural product, it might seem more environmentally friendly, but the distillation process and the potential for deforestation can have environmental impacts.
   • Mineral Spirits: Derived from petroleum, which carries its own set of environmental concerns.
10. Flammability:

• Turpentine: Highly flammable.
• Mineral Spirits: Also flammable, but generally with a higher flash point than turpentine.

Both turpentine and mineral spirits have been used in a variety of unconventional ways over the years, some of which are rooted in historical or traditional practices. Here are some of the less common uses for these solvents:

Turpentine:

Mineral Spirits:

Turpentine and mineral spirits, each with its unique history, composition, and uses, are invaluable tools in various scenarios. Whether you're crafting a masterpiece, cleaning tools, or prepping for unforeseen futures, understanding these solvents is a step in the right direction.